Class-cutting apparatus



W. TAYLOR.

GLASS CUTUNG APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED APR.24,1916.

1,385,732. Patented July 26, 1921.

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Patented July 26, 1921.

W, TAYLOR.

GLASS CUTTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APII.24, Isls.

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W. TAYLOR.

GLASS CUTTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR.24, 1916.

Patented July 26, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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' @Atty PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM TAYLOR, 0F LEICESTEB, ENGLAND.

GLASS-CUTTING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led April 24, 1916. Serial No. 93,271.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, WILLIAM TAYLoR, a citizen of Great Britain, residing at Leicester, in the county of Leicestershire, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Glass-Cutting Apparatus, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawinds, forming a part of the same.

This invention -relates'to apparatus for sawing glass, and more particularly VYto apparatus for cutting disks from sheetsof glass and similar material, as 1n cutting from sheets or plates of optical glass disks for making lenses.

The objects of the invention are generally to control the approaching movement between the work and the saw so as to prolong the working life of the saw while securing' a. maximum rate of cutting; to provide an improved disk-cutting saw; to provide an improved means for lubricating the saw with a washing and cooling liquid; to provide improved means for holding the sheet of glass or other material from which disks are to be cut; and in general, to provide an improved machine or apparatus which 1s highly elicient in operation and convenientA to manipulate.

Saws for cutting glass and similar material are usually made of sheet metal with their cutting edges charged with an abrasive material, usually diamon-d particles. In the commercial use of such saws, it is of great importance to secure a maximum output from the saw with a minimum use of diamond. In cutting glass it is customary to employ saws made o a steel or iron plate known in the trade as lapidary plate, to hack the cutting edge of the plate with a chisel, to place in the resulting cuts diamond dust, generally mixed with oil to f orm a paste, and then to roll or press the periphery of the cutting edge of the saw so as to close the cuts and thus entrap the diamond dust. I have found that the durability of such a saw depends upon its never being overloaded. If the approaching movement between the saw and the work be too rapid so as to cause overloading of the saw, the metal holding the diamond dust or particles in the cutting edge of the saw becomes overstrained or is quickly worn away by the excess of glass dust formed in too rapid cutting. In

either case the diamond particles are released and wasted. On the other hand, it is ofcourse desirable to Work the saw at as high a cutting rate as possible without damage, and I have found that such a saw may be worked up to very near the point of overloading without affecting appreciably the durability of the saw. I accordingly provide means whereby the feeding or approaching movement betweenthe saw and the work is positively limited to a rate somewhat below the rate at which overloading with its attendant damagev to the saw would 'take place. But such a rate of feed would in the event of the saw being so worn as to require recharging result in crushing either the saw or the glass, and to avoid this result I provide a non-positive feed for causing the desired approaching movement under a weight or other force sufficient to ei'ect the desired rate of feeding when the saw is in proper condition but not sufiicient to cause 'damage to the saw or the glass when the saw is not in proper condition. The approaching move; ment between the saw and the work will thus take. lace under a force sulicient to effect the esired rate of cutting when the saw is in proper condition but not suiiicient to damage the saw or glass when the cutting edge is worn, andwill be positively limited to the desired maximum rate to prevent overloading.

Patented July 2o, 1921.

Such a feeding means -is disclosed andI claimed broadly in mv coending application Serial No. 93,270 filed pril 24, 1916, in which it is shown as applied to a sawing apparatus having a circular saw for cuttino' flat plates of glass or other similar material), and in which the work is fed to the saw. In the present application, such feeding means is embodied in an apparatus in which the saw, speciiically a saw having an annular cutting edge for outing disks, is moved toward the stationarily supported material to be cut.

For cuttinA disks of glass it is customary to use a hol'w cylindrical or tubular saw having its annularl cutting edge charged with diamond or 'oth'erlabrasive material. In ac-i cordance withthepresent invention, I form such a tubular saw with a narrow slot ex- 'tending longitudinally of the tube from the `exit for the glass dust which would otherwise accumulate within the saw, and such a saw may be made cheaply of sheet material of the best kind for the purpose, thus avoiding the necessity of using the more expensive drawn tubes and the necessity of employing only such materials as are commercially available in the form of tubes.

Other features of the invention and their advantages will appear fully from the description of an approved form of a paratus embodying the various features o the invention which will now be given in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a view of such an approved or typical form of apparatus in side elevation with parts broken away and shown in section' Fig. 2 is a sectional plan View taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the upper part of the apparatus looking in the direction in which the apparatus is viewed in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged elevation partly in section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1 showing thel lower portion of the saw-carrying spindle and associated parts;

Fig. 5 is a view on the scale of Figs. 3 and 4 taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Figs. 6 and 7 are sectional views shoW-.

ing respectively a large and a smallcutter or saw and the chucks for carrying same; Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on line 8--8 of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 9 is a setional view taken on line 9-9 of F1 4.

Reerring to the drawings, the moving parts of the apparatus are shown as carried y a column 10 which extends upward from a table 'piece 11 which may be formed to stand on a bench or may be mounted on a suitable column or legs to stand on the Hoor. The base 11 is formed to provide a flat topped table 12 for `supporting the plate or slab of glass to be cut and is extended lbeyond the table and provided with u turned edges 13 to provide a pan for catc ing the water or other lubricating liquid. The pan is provided with' a suitable drain outlet as shown at 14. The surface of the table 12 is most desirably formed with a series of intersecting grooves as shown by Figs. 1 and 2, leaving a checkered su porting surface from which the water an glass 25 carried dust may readily escape.

The tubular cutter 15 is carried and rotated by a spindle 20 which is mounted to rotate in adjustable bearings 21 and 22 in a hollow shaft or quill 23 placed vertically and supported to have vertical sliding movement in ulper and lower bearings 24 and y offsets from the column 10.

4It. has been found necessary to provide a.

construction of the spindle and its mountings to meet the trying condi-tions of high speed, imperfect balance of the cutter or v saw, and the presence of water and glass dust, while securing to the utmost degree the necessary freedom from vibration of the spindle laterally or endwise. The spindle bearings 21 and 22 are made in the form of sleeves tapered on the outside to fit tapered or coned seats formed in the ends of the ctluill and are slit longitudinally as appears rom Fig. 8, which shows the bearing 21 in cross section. The bearing 21 is forced into its seat in the lower end of the quill -by a threaded collar 26 which vscrews intov a threaded socket formed in the end of the guill, and similarly the upper bearing 22 is orced into its seat in the upper end of the q'uill by a threaded collar 27. By these means the bearings are centered in the quill vand may readily be adjusted and maintained in adjustment. l

To prevent vibration of the spindle at any oint between its. bearings 21 and 22, the gore of the quill is made of such size as to fit rather closely on the spindle, leaving a cylindrical space of only a few thousandths of an inch radial thickness in which oil is held b capillary action and serves to damp out vi ration of the spindle which would otherwise contribute to the breaking down of .the bearings 21 and 22 as well as to interfere with accuracy of cutting. Oil is supplied to this space and also to the bearing surfaces through an oil hole 28 near the top of the quill 23, which hole, for protection against the entrance of dirt, is located so as to lie normally within the bearing sleeve 25 and to Ib e exposed only when the quill is at its uppermost position.

In order to avoid end shake of the spindle, it is provided with a collar 30 (see Fig. 4) which bears against a shoulder 31 formed in the bore of the quill, the collar, which is fast ,on the spindle, being thrust against the shoulder 31 by a sleeve 32 and a compression spring 33 of rather more than suicient stren th to lift the spindle and arts carried there y. The sleeve 32 is split longitudinally, and a wedge 34 acted on by a screw 35.

y spindle, t e chuck being internally threaded to screw on to an external thread o'n the spindle and being centered by means of cone surfaces 41 co-acting with corresponding y coned surfaces 42 on the end of the spindle.

The cutter is in the form of a metal tube or hollowcylinder made most desirabl of a piece of lapidary plate bent into the orm of a tube with its abuttin edges slightly spaced to provide an open s ot 43, the oppos1te ed es of which are best approximately paralle as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The plate used is usually about .02 inches thick, and the inner diameter of the tube should be approximately that of the diameter of the disk to be cut. The cutter .is removably secured to the chuck by being fitted on to a cylindri; cal portion o r seat 44 which determlnes the inner diameter of the cutter tube and it is clamped on such cylindrical portion or seat by a collar or sleeve 45 bored cylindrically to fit tightly outside the-cutter tube and slit longitudinally, as shown Fig. 1, to permit of its being opened slightly so that it may be forced into position. For so openin or slightly extending the collar 45, the slit of the collar may be formed withan elon ated enlargement as indicated at 46 in Fig. 1, into which the end of a suitably shaped tool may be placed and turned so as to expand or slightly open out the collar. The collar is -made of sufficient thickness and strength to hold the cutter tube tightly o'n the cylindrical ortion 44 of the chuck, and is best tapered) on the outside with its thicker por-v tion at the bottom vin order both to secure maximum pressure toward the active end of the cutter andto insure that water or other lubricating liquid which may get on the sleeve shall be discharged from the lower end thereof and not higher up where it might be objectionable. At the upper end of the cylindrical portion 44, the chuck is formed with a shoulder or abutment against which y the upper end of the cutter tube is thrust. The form of the chuck will be varied somewhat according to the relative size of the cutter tube carried by it, as for example, as shown by Figs. 6 and 7 respectively.

The angular cutting edge of the saw or cutter, that is, the loweredge of the cutter tube, is charged with diamond dust or other suitable abrasive material, as by being notched with a chisel and having the diamond dustmixedwith'oil to form a paste, placed in the resulting cuts and then being rolled or pressed to close the cuts and entrap the diamond dust.

In order that a number of disks may be conveniently cut from a sheet or plate of glass and that the same may be conveniently held in position on the table 12, I cement the glass plates A to metal plates 50, :.most desirably iron, for the purpose hereinafter explained, and of which a number are provided for each machine all made of uniform thickness; and in order to prevent damage to the cutter by overrunning and to permit .being previously heated, serves bot the cutter to pass completely through the glass without being damaged by contact with the plate beneath, I lace between the supportingY plate or hol er and the glass plate carrie thereby a sheet vof thick paper 51I or other material not injurious to the cutter. Such a sheet of paper dipped in melted pitch or wax and placed between the glass and the holding plate, the -glass and to cement the glass to the plate and to prevent damage to the cutter as above stated.

For conveniently holding the glass and its supporting plate 50 in posltion on the table 12 and to permit the position of the glass plate to he conveniently changed as deslred,

make the holding plate 50 of iron and late provide an electromagnet 52 set in a recess -controlled by means of a switch 53, conveniently placed, or in place of theswitch or in combination therewith l provide la circuit controlling means whereby the circuit to the magnet will be automaticall opened and closed as the cutter is raised. rom or moved down toward the table as hereinafter described. y

The spindle 20 is driven by means of a belt 55 running on a pulley 56 fast on the spindle above the bearlng 22, the belt passing over guide pulleys 57 and 58 to a pulley 59 on a countershaft 60. To provide for variation in speed of the spindle to suit cutters of dilferentdiameters, the countershaft 60 is driven from a shaft 61 by a belt 62 running on stepped pulleys 63 and 64 on the shafts 60 and 61 respectively. This belt 62 is tensioned by means of a jockey pulley 65 carried by one a'rm of a bell crank lever 66, the other arm of which is provided with aweight 67 suiicient to hold the belt under the desired tension. The belt ma thusbe of suflicient size topermit of its eing ad. ljusted on the stepped pulleys to give the limited by positively acting means to prefdl vent too rapid feed of the cutter into the work. The apparatus should most desirably be constructed so that the weight of the spindle, quill and parts carried thereby will be suflicient to cause the cutter tov be fed into the work at the desired rate, but-not sufficient to result in the saw or the glass being crushed when the saw becomes worn so that it will not cut at the desired rate. 'With the weight of the spindle and quill and attached parts suitable for feeding a small cutter at a sufficient rate additional force may be re uired in using larger cutters, and for adjusting the feed force for different cutters I therefore provide removable weights formed with radial slots and adapted to be placed on the quill resting on a collar 71 whlch is secured fast to the quill between its bearings.

For limiting the feed of the cutter to a rate which is maximum for a properly charged cutter but not so great as to overstrain the cutter and dislodge the diamond, the quill is provided with a check in the form of a cam roll 76, below which is a s iral cam 75 turned toward the left from t e position in which it is shown in Fig. 1, and at a rate determined by the rate of movement of the cam. The cam is rotatably mounted on, a stud 77 extending from the arm or offset of the column 10 which carries the quill bearing 24, and is turned to permit downward movement of the quill at the required rate by the following means z-The cam has a Ahub or sleeve 7 8 which extends outward on the fixed stud 77, being held thereon by a nut as shown in Fig. 4. A- hand wheel 79 is screwed on to the sleeve or hub 78 and pinned thereto by the end of a hand lever 80 which screws into a tapped opening in the hub of the hand wheel and rejects into an openin in the sleeve 78. ounted to turn on the s eeve 78 between the hub of the hand Wheel 79 and the face of the cam 75, is a worm wheel 81 which is driven slowly by a worm on a worm shaft 82. The worm wheel carries in one or more pockets in its side facing the cam one or more friction pads 83 whlch are thrust against the face of the cam by springs 84, so that when the worm wheel is turned it will drive the cam frictionally or tend to drive it.

The worm wheel 81 is contained in a casing or b ox 85 which is secured to the column 10 Aand which carries bearings for the worm shaft 82, and the casing 85 also carries at the rear of the column 10, or is extended to form, a casin 86 for a second worm wheel mounted on teile end of the worm shaft 82.I

This second vworm wheel engages and is' driven by a worm on a shaft 87 which receivesits movement from the driving shaft 61 through a belt 88 runnin on stepped pulleys 89 and 90 on the .sha 61 and 87 respectively. By shifting the belt 88, the speed of the turning movement of the cam may thus be varied to vary the rate of feed The friction drive between the worm wheel 81 and the cam 75 permits of the cam bein turned manually by turning either the han wheel 79 or the lever 80 to raise the cutter or to lower it into position for starting a cutting operation as desired. In order to prevent the cam being turned so far that the cam roll 76 will drop over the peak of the cam, a stop is provlded which is conveniently a projectlon 92 extending from the cam in position to engage the roller and prevent further rotation of the cam when the quill has been raised to the highest point. A stop is also provided for limiting the extent of the downward movement 4of the quill and is made adjustable so that it may be set according to the particular cutter being used. For this urpose there is provided, as shownan ad]ustable stop rod 93 which extends upward from the bearing sleeve 24 and may be clamped in the desired position 'by a lever 94 o erating an eye-bolt 95. The

upper endpof t is stop rod engages the collar 71 when the quill reaches the end of its downward movement, `and the rod is set so that the collar` will come into engagement therewith and prevent further downward movement of the quill just after the cutter lhas penetrated the plate of glass being cut and before it comes into engagement with the holding plate 50.

To prevent turnlng movementof the quill, the collar 71 is provided with an extension formed'to have slidingengagement with a rib 96 on the column `10.

In order to lubricate the cutter, keep it cool and wash out the glass dust which it forms in cutting, a lubricating liquid is supplied to the interior of the cutter or saw cylinder. For this purpose the spindle 20 is formed with a longitudinal passage or bore 100 through Whlchthe lubricating liquid, which is best a water solution of soap with free soda to prevent rusting, is fed under suitable pressure to the interlor of the cutter. The liquid may be supplied froma pump and system of `piping which supplies a number of machines in common, and it enters the bore of the spindle-through a connecting hose 101, connecting pipe 102 and vertical ipe 103 the lower end of which enters free y into an enlargement of the bore ofthe spindle at the upper end thereof. The

, against rotation with the s pipe 103 isvguided by an upward extension Y thereof or guide rod 104 which slides in a guide o ening in an arm 105 carried by. a rod or llllar 106 extending upward from the upper caring arm of the column 10. The pillar 106 also serves by engagementwith the short pipe 102 to hold pips1 102 and 103 in e.

The pressure of the liquld within the cut- .ter resulting from the-length of the column of liquid in the spindle may be sufficient, or the pressure may be increased more or less by the pressureunder which the liquid is supplied through thepipe 103. But to substantially prevent escape of the liquid from the upper end of the spindle in any case, a leather or other suitable washer 107 1s placed between the end of the spindle and a shoulder of the pipe 103 as shown in Fig. 3, and the pipe carries a weight 108 to' give suiiicient pressure on the washer to substantially prevent the escape of thev liquid at this point.

In order to catch any liquid which may at times escape past the washer 107,'an umbrella-shaped flange 110 is fixed at the top of the spindle and discharges any .escaping liquid by centrifugal action against the inner wall of a cylindrical cup or basin 111, carried by the pillar 106, which is open at the top and has its bottom formed with a central opening and provided with an u turned flange 112 surrounding the pipe and orming an annular gutter through which the liquid escapes through a discharge pipe 113. The supporting column 10 is made hollow and open at the top, and any liquid discharged from the cup 111 through the outlet pipe 1.13 is deliveredinto the open upper end of the column through which it passes and drains out into the pan 13.

I n order to prevent water or other lubricating liquid which may splash up about the lower end of the spindle, and grit carriedv thereby. from reachlng the lower bearing 21, the screw collar 26 is made to fit closely about the end of the spindle and is formed with one or more internal circumferential grooves 115 and the end of the s indle is formed with corresponding circum erential grooves `to register with the grooves 115, so that .any water and grit which may creep up between ,the sleeve and the spindle by capillary action will be discharged by centrifugal action into the groove chambers where the capillary action is interrupted.

In order to keep liquid and grit from reaching the bearing surfaces between the quill and its bearing 24, the lower end of the quill is made of somewhat less diameter than the part which engages'the bearing 24 and is separated from such bearing portion by means of a circumferential roove 120, and a tubular cover or casing 121 1s provided projecting downward from the bearing 24 to protect the projecting end of the quill. The

casing 121 is removably fixed in a counterbore 1n the end of the bearing and is of such internal diameter as to leave an annular space between it and the end of the uill which is too large to hold water by capil ary attraction. Thus .no part of the lower end of the quill which enters the bearin 24'wi1l be exposed at any time to access of t e lubricating liquid, grit or'dirt.

The operation of the machine will be understood from the fore oing descri tion, but is briefly as follows?. sheet of giiiss, from which disks are to be cut, having been cemented to one of the supporting plates 50, as hereinabove described, and the supporting plate with the glass having been placed in the desired position on the table 12 and being held in position by the magnet, the circuit to which has been closed, and a chuck carrying a cutter of the desired size having been attached to the lower end of the spindle, the spindle will be lowered by turning the cam 75 by means of the handle 79 80 until the cutter is brought into or approximately into contact with the glass, whereupon, the driving shaft 61 being in operation to cause rotation of the spindle and slow turning movement of the cam 75, the cutting will proceed, the cutter. moving gradually downward under the weight of the spindle and quill and whateverof the weights are in position, but its downward movement being limited by the cam 75. The stop-rod 93 having been properly adjusted, the downward movement of the cutter will be interrupted when it has passed completely through the glass but, before its cutting edge comes into engagement with the plate 50. Then by turning the cam backward manually, the quill, -spindle and cutter may be raised from the down position shown in Fig.

or lever 4 to the up position shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5, and on opening the magnet circuit the supporting plate 50 and glass plate A may be quickly shifted to bring a new portion of the glass into position beneath the cutter, and the cutting operation will then be repeated as before. During the cutting operation lubricating liquid will be supplied through the hollow spindle to the interior of the tubular cutter, andA escapin freely through the slot in the cutter w1ll carry away the glass dust and grit, thereby, as I find, substantially reducing the wear of the cutter and increasing its life.

What is claimed is:

Y 1. Apparatus for cutting disks from glass or other hard substances, comprising in combination a rotary cylindrical cutting member having an annular cutting edge, a holder A to which said force is a plie mined force the cutting edge through the material from exceeding a predetermined rate.

2. Apparatus for cutting vdisks from glass or the like, com rising a rotary cylindrical cutting cool having an annular cutting edge charged with abrasive material fixed therein, and means for effecting a relative feeding movement between the tool and the work including' means for mechanically limiting the maximum pressure between the cutter and the work and the maximum rate of feed to predetermined values.

3. Apparatus for cutting disks, com rising in combination a cylindrical cutter av-l ing an annular cutting edge charged with abrasive material fixed therein and means for constantly rotating said cutter, a suport for the glass to be out, means for apply-y ing to one of said members a predetermined force vtending to cause said cutter to-,move through said glass, a check u on the member and positively driven means limiting y contact with said check the movement of the cutter through the glass to a predetermined rate greater than the rate at which said force would. drive said cutter through the glass when the saw is dull and less than the rate at which said force would drive said 'cutter through the glass when the saw is sharp, where y the rate of movement of the cutter through the glass is determined by the said ositive means in contact with said sto w en the saw is sharp and is determined liy said predetermined force without contact between said limitin means and said check when the saw is du l.

'4. Apparatus for sawing, comprising in combination means for supporting the glass to be cut, a rotatable saw, means for rotat: ing the same, means for applying a predeterto said saw tending to cause it to move through the glass, a check upon said means, and a positively driven cam which by contact with said check limits the movement of the saw through the glass to a predeterminedv rate greater than the rate at which said force would drive the saw through the glass when the saw is dull and less than therate at which said force would drive the saw through the glass when the sawv is sharp, so that when the saw is sharp said check is in contact with said cam and the rate of movement of the saw through the glass is determined by the movement of the cam,',while when the saw is dull, said check is not vin contact with said cam and the rate of movement of the saw through the 'glass is determined by said constant force.

5. Apparatus for sawing, comprising in combination means for supporting the glass to be cut, a saw, a holder for supportingfand driving said saw, a weight upon said holder tending to force said saw through the glass under a .onstant predetermined force, a

' contact with said check upon said holder, and a cam which by check limits the movement of the'saw through the glass to a predetermined rate, whereby said check is maintained in contact with said cam when the icuttin surface of the saw is such that said weight forces said saw through the glass at a rate greater than ment of said cam, 'and said check is not in contact with said cam when the cutting edge of the saw is such that said weight forces the saw through the glass at a rate less than that limited by the movement of thecam.

. 6. Apparatus for cutting disks, which comprises in combination a cylindrical cutter having an annular cutting edge charged with abrasive material fixed therein, means for supporting the glass to be cut, one of` that limited bythe move- 1 glass and the cutter, means for limiting such approaching movement to a predetermined rate, and lubricating means for feeding 1ubricating liquid to t e interior of the cutter.

7. Apparatus for sawing, comprising in combination a support'for the glass to be cut, a 'tubular saw, means for constantly rotatingv said saw, means for applying predetermined force to said saw tending to force it through the lass, and vpositively driven means to limit t e rate of movement of the saw through the glass.

8. Apparatus for sawing, comprising in combination means for supporting the glass to be cut, a saw having an annular cutting edge charged with abrasive, material fixed therein, means for rotating said saw, a holder for supporting the saw, means for applying a predetermined force to said saw tending to force it through the glass, and means for 'limiting the movement of said saw through the glass to a predetermined rate to prevent overloading of the saw, and

the resulting release of abrasive. material lll a holder for supporting said saw, means for holder a predetermined force tending to drive the saw through the glass, said force being sufficient to cause cuttin at a safe speed when the saw is dull an tov cause cutting at a ratesufficiently rapid' to injure the saw when the saw is sharp, a check upon said holder, and a cam limitin the movement of the saw to a pre- 'determined rate by contacting with said check when the surface of the saw is such that said force tends to drive the saw through the glass at a rate sufficient to inj'ure the saw.

1Q. Disk cutting apparatus, comprising ia applying to said combination a support for the material to be cut, a spindle,a cutter carried on one end thereof, ielding means for producing a longitudinal movement of the spindle whereby the cutter is forced through the material to be cut, and positive means receding `at a constant rate of speed for limiting the movement of the spindle during the passage of the cutter throu h the material to be cut.

11. Apparatus ir cutting disks from lass or other hard substances, comprising in combination a cylindrical cutting member having an annular cuttin edge, a holder for supporting the materia to be cut, means for applying to one of said members av predetermined force tending to drive said'cuttin member through said materiaL'a retar in device operating to positively prevent te movement of the cutting member through the material from exceeding a predetermined rate, means for driving said retarding device at a constant rate of speed during the passage of the cutting member through the material, and means for varying the speed of operation of said retarding device.

12. Apparatus for cutting disks from glass or similar material, which comprises in combination a slotted cylindrical cutter having an annular cutting edge, means for rotating the cutter, means for continuously feeding said cutting edge into the material to be cut, particles of abrasive material fixed in said cutting edge, each particle extending partway across said edge, the slot in the c utter extending transversely from said cutting edge, whereby the detritus roduced by the cutting passes between t e particles of.

abrasive material and through the slot.

13. Disk cutting apparatus, comprising av rotary spindle carrying a tubular saw at one end thereof, a longitudinally movable member, bearings for the spindle carried by the member, said member, bearings and spindle being adapted to move together longitudinally under the action of a predetermined force to feed the saw through the material to be cut, and means coperating with said lon itudinally movable member for limiting suc feeding movement to a predetermined rate.

14. Apparatus lfor sawing, comprising a rotary spindle, a longitudinally slotted saw carried by the spindle, said spindle having 4a passage communicating with the interior of said saw and being adapted-to move longitudinally to force the saw through the material being cut with a force suflicient to eii'ect such feeding movement at the desired rate when the saw is in proper working condition, but insuicient to damage the saw'or material when the saw is blunt, and means movable longitudinally with the spindle for supplying liquid to the passage in the spindle.

substantial liquid seal at the washer.

15. Disk cutting apparatus, comprising a rotary spindle, a saw holder on the end of Vthe Ispindle having a c lindrical saw supporting surface, a saw fdrmed from a piece of sheet metal bent into tubular forni and placed on said surface, and a s lit collar for holdinthe saw tightl on sai surface, said v means for forcing the pipe toward the rotating spindle to compress and provide a 17. Disk cutting a paratus comprising a hollow rotary and lp ongitudinally movable spindle, a tubular'saw carriedv b the lower end of the spindle, a liquidl supp y pipe having a free connection with the upper end of the spindle and movable longitudinally therewith, means for hindering the esca e bf the liquid from between the pipe and tiie spindle, a liquid discharging flange carried by the upper end of the spindle, and a liquid catching cup supported independently of the spindle and extending about the same and about said flange and having an upwardly extending interior flange providing an annular gutter for receiving the liquid and a discharge passage'leading from such gutter.`

18. Disk cutting apparatus, comprising a rotary spindle, a tubular saw carried by the lower end of the spindle, means for supplying liquid to the interior of the saw, a longitudinally movable quill in which the spindle is mounted to rotate, a cylindrical bearing for the quill adjacent the lower end of the spindle, the extreme lower end of the quill being of slightly reduced 'external diameter as compared to the part which engages the bearing, and a casing which extends downward from the quill bearing to protect the end of the quill .from access of liquid and dirt. v

19. Disk cutting apparatus, comprisin a rotary spindle, a longitudinally mova le quill in which the spindle is mounted, a tubular saw carried by the lower end of the spindle, the quill and spindle being adapted to move downward under the action of gravity to feed the saw through. the material being cut, means for limiting such feeding movement to a predetermined rate, and removable weights adapted to be applied to the quill for varying the force under which the feeding movement of the saw takes place.-

20. Disk cutting apparatus, comprising a iio a saw char ed with abrasive material fixed therein an carried by said s indle, and a quill carrying bearings for t e spindle, said quill bearings and spindle being adapted to move downwardly under the action of gravity to force the saw through the material being cut with a force of 'predetermined amount slightly below that which would overload the saw and release the abrasive material therefro 21. Disk cutting apparatus,comprisin a vertical rotary spindle carrying a tubu ar saw at one end thereof, a vertical longitudinally movable member, bearings for the spindle carried by the member, said member,

rotary spindle,

v bearings and spindle being adapted to move together longitudinally action of material downward under the gravity to feed the saw through the eing cut, and positive means for limiting such feeding movement to a predetermined rate.

i combination aholder for supporting and the ho der, and means f Icut and 22. Cutting apparatus, comprising in the material to be cut having such material secured to its face with la sheet of relatively soft material between the material to be cut and the face of the holder, a cutter, means for supiorting and driving the cutter, means adapte to cause a relative approaching feedin movement between the cutter for interrupting automatically the feeding movement when the cutter has cut through the first-named material and is operating upon the soft material.

23. Cutting apparatus, comprising in combination a holder for supporting the material to be cut and having such material secured to its face with a sheet of relatively soft material between the material to be the face of the holder, a cutter, means for sup orting and driving the cutter, means adapte to cause a relative approaching feeding movement between the cutter vand the holder, and adjustable means for interrupting automatica ly the feeding movement when the cutter as cut through the first-named material andis operating upon the soft materia .j

24. Apparatus for sawing disks, which comrises ,in combination a cylindrical cutter aving an interrupted annular cutting edge charged with abrasive material fixed therein, means for supporting the material to be cut, one of said members tending to move toA cause a continuous relative approaching movement between the material and the cutter so that the annular edge ofthe cutter -is forced into the material, and lubricating means for feeding lubricating liquid into the interior of the cutter.

25. Apparatus for sawing, comprising a rotary spindle, a quill having bearings in which the spindle is mounted, a saw carried bearings adapted to move downward to feed the saw through the material bein coacting with said spind e and quill for damping the vibrations of said spindle.

26. Disk cutting apparatus, vcomprising a rotary s indle, bearings for said s indle and means or damping vibrations o :the spindle, said means consisting of a jacket surrounding the spindle and spaced therefrom toV provide an annular capillary-space between the jacket and the spindle, and a liquid in said space.

27 Disk cutting a vertical rotary -spin e having` two spaced bearing surfaces, a support for said spindle having spaced bearin coacting with the bearing surfaces of said spindle, means for damping the vibrations of said spindle consisting of a jacket extending between said surrounding said spindle and spaced therefrom at the distance of a few one-hundredths of an inch, and a liquid fillitn the space between the-spindle and the 28., Apparatus for sawing, rotary spindle, a quill in w i is mounted, saw carried by the spindle, said spindle having a passage communicating with the interior of said saw,` the qui and spindle being adapted to move downward to force comprising a chl the spindle cut, and means a longitudinally slotted tubular the saw through the material being cut with a force sufficient to effect such feeding movement' at the desired rate when the saw is in roper working condition but insuiiicient to amage the saw or material when the saw is blunt, and means movable longitudinally with the spindle for supplying liquid to the passage in the spindle.

29.` Apparatus for cutting disks from lass or other hard substances, comprising in combination a cylindrical cutting member having an annular cutting edge, a holder for supporting the material to be cut, means for applying to one of said members apredetermined force tending to drive said cutting member through said material a retardin device operatin to positively prevent t e movement of t le cutting member through the material from exceeding a predetermined rate, power operated means for driving said retardinlg device while the cutter is passing throug the material, a yielding connectionbetween said power operated means and said retarding device, and means for manually adjusting said rretarding device.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set in hand in the presence of two. subscribing witnesses. l

j WILLIAM'TAYLQR.

Witnesses A. PIERCE, P. CHAWNER.

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